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ODD - Oppositional
Defiance Disorder:
Oppositional Defiance disorder is characterized by consistent disobedience, hostile or
defiant behavior toward authority figures. The pattern of behavior must last for more than six months and must be significantly
worse than that of children of the same age.
CD - Conduct Disorder:
Conduct disorder in more serious in that it might involve in
addition the what is labeled as ODD, serious problems with the law, dangerous behavior, thievery and wrecklessness and antisocial
behavior.
Russell Barkley's work in this field outlines many areas of intervention
in the case of ODD and CD. The interventional strategies are therapeutic in nature, non-pharmaceutical, unless there are other
disorders present, and he indicates that
often times, there
has to be adjustments with the parents themselves, in addition to whatever therapy or counseling a teenager receives.
See: Your Defiant Child,
8 Steps to Better Behavior by Russell Bakley, PhD and Christine Benton.
Many of the problems
associated with these difficulties are social in nature, and Ruth Neven et al. elaborates on some of the social causes of
ADHD in the book Rethinking ADHD, which would apply with equal force to ODD and CD, which often are found with many young
people with ADHD as well. Children who are in constant trouble with the law or engaging in antisocial behavior often are dealing
with pressures at home or the community, family problems or abuse, neglect, that result in the outward manifestations of antisocial
behavior, especially in the cae of the more serious CD.
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